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Coherence and Cohesion in IELTS Task 2 Writing: Understand How to Achieve a Band 7 or above in IELTS Essays

When aiming for a Band 7 or above in your IELTS Writing exam, crafting an essay that's clear, logically structured, and effortlessly connected is absolutely essential. Surprisingly, many IELTS candidates overlook the importance of coherence and cohesion, not realizing these factors alone represent a substantial 25% of your total Writing Task 2 score. Neglecting coherence and cohesion can mean the difference between an average essay and one that captures the examiner's attention, ensuring you score the high band you're aiming for.

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But what exactly do coherence and cohesion mean? How do you achieve them practically in your essay writing? And most importantly, how can you confidently demonstrate these skills across every IELTS Task 2 essay type?

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In this comprehensive guide, you'll not only understand precisely what coherence and cohesion entail, but you'll also discover step-by-step examples tailored specifically to each essay type you might encounter on exam day. By the end of this article, you'll be equipped with practical techniques and clear insights to transform your writing from average to outstanding.

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If you're serious about achieving your target IELTS score, explore our popular IELTS Writing eBooks, which uncover examiners' secret tips and proven strategies, along with detailed demonstrations for crafting high-scoring essays effortlessly. For those needing personalized, expert advice, consider our highly effective IELTS Essay Correction Service—customized feedback designed specifically for your individual improvement.

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Now, let's dive deeper and unlock your potential to write coherent, cohesive, and compelling IELTS essays!

Understanding Coherence and Cohesion: What Does It Really Mean?

Before diving deeper into the specific IELTS Task 2 essay types, it’s essential you clearly understand what coherence and cohesion mean—especially because they significantly influence your IELTS Writing band score.

 

Imagine you're reading an essay where each paragraph flows seamlessly into the next, each idea logically connects to the one before, and every sentence smoothly guides you towards understanding the writer's argument. This effortless reading experience exemplifies strong coherence and cohesion.

But how do these two criteria differ, and how can you apply them in your IELTS Task 2 essays?

 

What Is Coherence?

​Coherence is all about clarity and logical organization of ideas. Think of it as the backbone of your essay—the clearer your ideas are, the stronger and more convincing your essay becomes.

 

A coherent IELTS Task 2 essay will:

  • Clearly address all parts of the question.

  • Present your main ideas logically and systematically.

  • Ensure each paragraph focuses on one central idea, introduced clearly by a topic sentence.

  • Provide logical progression through explanations and relevant supporting examples.

 

For instance, if you're discussing reasons why online education is becoming popular, you'd first introduce this idea clearly and then methodically explain its causes, supporting your points with relevant examples.

 

What Is Cohesion?

Cohesion, on the other hand, refers specifically to how well sentences and paragraphs connect and relate to one another. It ensures your essay feels like a unified piece rather than disjointed sentences randomly strung together.

 

A cohesive IELTS Task 2 essay uses:

  • Linking words and transitional phrases (however, therefore, for example, furthermore, nevertheless) effectively.

  • Pronouns (it, they, this, these) and referencing techniques clearly to maintain smooth flow.

  • Consistent use of synonyms and lexical references (this phenomenon, such developments) to enhance readability and avoid repetition.

 

Consider this example of cohesion:

“Online education is flexible and accessible. Consequently, more students prefer it over traditional classrooms. However, critics argue that this method lacks face-to-face interaction, which can impact learning negatively.”

 

Here, linking words and referencing terms naturally tie ideas together, making your writing easier to follow.

 

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Coherence and Cohesion in Different IELTS Task 2 Essay Types

Did you know that each IELTS Task 2 essay type has unique characteristics, requiring specific techniques to effectively showcase your coherence and cohesion? To confidently handle any question on exam day, you must clearly understand how to apply these crucial writing skills across the different essay types.

 

In IELTS Writing Task 2, you'll typically encounter these five essay formats:

  1. Opinion Essay (Agree or Disagree)

  2. Discussion Essay (Discuss Both Views)

  3. Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

  4. Problem and Solution Essay

  5. Double-Question Essay (Two-Part Question)

 

Below, we’ll dive into each type individually, providing clear, practical examples that vividly demonstrate how coherence and cohesion can be achieved effectively. With these targeted examples, you'll quickly learn how to structure your essays logically and connect your ideas seamlessly, impressing examiners and boosting your band score.

 

Ready to explore each essay type in detail? Let’s get started!

1. Opinion Essay (Agree or Disagree Essay)

Opinion essays, often presented as "To what extent do you agree or disagree?" questions, are among the most common essay types you'll encounter in IELTS Task 2. In these essays, your primary goal is clearly expressing your viewpoint while logically structuring and smoothly connecting your ideas.

 

Below, you'll learn step-by-step how to ensure your coherence and cohesion are impeccable, guided by a detailed example question.

Step 1: Understand and Analyse the Question Carefully

Let's consider our example question clearly:

"Some people think governments should ban dangerous sports, while others believe that people should have the freedom to choose their activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?"

 

First, identify clearly:

  • General topic: Dangerous sports and personal freedom.

  • Your task: Agree or disagree with a ban on dangerous sports.

  • Your position: Clearly choose your viewpoint (e.g., fully agree, partially agree, fully disagree).

Step 2: Clearly State Your Opinion in the Introduction (Coherence)

A coherent essay always begins with a clear, direct, and logical statement of your opinion. Avoid ambiguous or overly general statements.

 

Strong, coherent introduction example:

"While some argue that governments should ban dangerous sports due to safety concerns, I firmly disagree with this viewpoint. I believe individuals should have the personal freedom to engage in risky activities if they choose to."

 

Notice how your position is explicitly stated, making the essay's direction immediately clear to the examiner.

Step 3: Use Clear and Logical Topic Sentences (Coherence)

Each body paragraph must begin with a clear topic sentence that directly reflects and reinforces your overall viewpoint. This helps ensure your essay remains coherent, and examiners can easily follow your arguments.

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For instance, your first body paragraph topic sentence could be:

  • "Firstly, banning dangerous sports would violate fundamental individual freedoms."

 

Your second paragraph’s topic sentence could similarly introduce your next main point, such as:

  • "Furthermore, dangerous sports offer important psychological and social benefits."

 

Each topic sentence clearly relates back to your opinion, ensuring your essay stays logically consistent and coherent throughout.

Step 4: Develop Your Paragraphs Logically with Supporting Ideas (Coherence)

Your body paragraphs should logically develop your topic sentences with clear explanations, relevant examples, or evidence to strengthen your viewpoint. A logically developed paragraph ensures coherence by providing depth and clarity.

 

Example of logically developed paragraph:

"Firstly, banning dangerous sports would violate fundamental individual freedoms. This is because people have the right to make personal decisions regarding their own safety and lifestyle choices. For instance, extreme sports enthusiasts willingly participate in activities like skydiving or mountaineering, fully understanding the associated risks. Therefore, imposing a government ban would be unnecessarily restrictive and infringe upon personal liberty."

 

Notice how each sentence logically supports and expands upon the previous one, ensuring clarity and coherence.

Step 5: Use Cohesive Devices to Connect Ideas Smoothly (Cohesion)

Cohesion in your IELTS essay is about creating a smooth reading experience. Your sentences and paragraphs must connect seamlessly through cohesive devices—transition words, linking phrases, and referencing words.

 

Common cohesive devices include:

  • Sequencing ideas clearly: Firstly, secondly, furthermore, finally.

  • Contrasting ideas: However, although, despite, nevertheless.

  • Providing examples: For example, for instance, such as.

  • Results/Consequences: Thus, therefore, consequently, as a result.

  • Referencing clearly: This, these, such, it, they, this viewpoint, these activities.

 

Example cohesive paragraph (cohesive devices highlighted):

"Furthermore, dangerous sports offer important psychological and social benefits. For example, participating in high-risk activities like rock climbing or skydiving can build confidence, resilience, and determination. Moreover, these sports often foster strong social bonds among participants. Therefore, prohibiting such activities could deprive individuals of meaningful experiences and relationships."

 

Here, the use of cohesive words clearly connects ideas, making your argument smooth, natural, and easy to follow.

Step 6: Maintain Logical Progression Between Paragraphs (Coherence and Cohesion)

Your paragraphs should progress logically, reflecting a natural flow of your argument. Cohesive linking between paragraphs creates a unified, coherent essay.

 

A smooth transition between paragraphs might look like this:

 

End of Paragraph 1:

"...imposing a government ban would infringe upon personal liberty."

 

Start of Paragraph 2 (transition clearly connected to previous paragraph):

"In addition to preserving individual freedoms, dangerous sports offer important psychological and social benefits."

 

Here, "In addition to..." neatly connects your second main idea to the previously discussed point, maintaining coherence and cohesion.

Step 7: Conclude Clearly, Reinforcing Your Opinion (Coherence and Cohesion)

Your conclusion should clearly summarize your main ideas, restate your opinion, and reinforce coherence by clearly reflecting your introduction. Cohesive devices ensure your conclusion links smoothly to the rest of your essay.

 

Example conclusion demonstrating coherence and cohesion clearly:

"In conclusion, although dangerous sports involve inherent risks, banning them would unjustifiably restrict personal freedoms and deprive individuals of psychological and social benefits. Therefore, I strongly believe people should have the right to participate freely in these activities."

 

Your conclusion naturally aligns with your introduction, coherently reinforces your main points, and cohesively summarizes the arguments presented.

Quick Checklist: Coherence & Cohesion in Opinion Essays

  • ✅ Clearly state your viewpoint in the introduction.

  • ✅ Use clear topic sentences reflecting your opinion.

  • ✅ Logically develop each paragraph with explanations and examples.

  • ✅ Use cohesive linking words and referencing effectively.

  • ✅ Maintain logical progression from paragraph to paragraph.

  • ✅ Conclude clearly, reinforcing your opinion.

 

If you found this detailed guidance useful and want to unlock more examiner insights, check out our comprehensive IELTS eBooks, where you’ll find in-depth strategies, practical demonstrations, and secret examiner tips specifically designed for high-scoring IELTS essays.

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2. Discussion Essay (Both Views Essay)

Discussion essays commonly ask you to consider two opposing viewpoints on a topic, clearly present each perspective, and then provide your own opinion. Coherence and cohesion are particularly crucial here, as you're required to logically balance multiple viewpoints without losing clarity.

 

Let’s explore step-by-step, using the example question provided, how you can clearly demonstrate coherence and cohesion throughout your essay.

 

Example Question:

"Some people prefer living in big cities, while others find rural life more appealing. Discuss both views and give your own opinion."

Step 1: Clearly Analyze and Understand the Question (Ensuring Coherence)

The first step in achieving coherence is fully understanding what you need to discuss:

  • Topic: Living preferences—urban versus rural areas.

  • Task: Clearly discuss both views separately and provide your own viewpoint clearly.

 

Ensure that you clearly recognize there are two distinct viewpoints that must be equally addressed.

Step 2: Clearly Outline Both Viewpoints in the Introduction (Ensuring Coherence)

To achieve strong coherence, explicitly outline the two views right at the start. Additionally, indicate your own position briefly.

 

Example introduction (clearly coherent):

"While some individuals prefer urban life due to the abundance of employment opportunities and modern facilities, others favor rural areas for their tranquility and natural surroundings. In my opinion, although cities offer valuable conveniences, the quality of life in rural settings holds greater appeal."

 

This approach clearly states both viewpoints and your position upfront, providing coherence through clarity of ideas.

Step 3: Structure Your Essay with Clear and Logical Paragraphs (Ensuring Coherence)

Your essay must follow a coherent structure with a clear separation of ideas:

  • Body Paragraph 1: Viewpoint 1 (e.g., advantages of city life).

  • Body Paragraph 2: Viewpoint 2 (e.g., benefits of rural life).

  • Body Paragraph 3 (Optional): Your own opinion, if not fully included within the earlier paragraphs.

 

Each paragraph should focus clearly and exclusively on one viewpoint to avoid confusion and ensure coherence.

Step 4: Use Clear Topic Sentences for Each Viewpoint (Ensuring Coherence)

Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence that clearly indicates which viewpoint you're discussing. This clarity is essential for coherence.

 

Examples of clear, coherent topic sentences:

Body Paragraph 1 (City Life):

"On the one hand, city life attracts many people due to numerous career opportunities and advanced infrastructure."

 

Body Paragraph 2 (Rural Life):

"On the other hand, rural living offers tranquility, clean environments, and strong community bonds."

 

Notice how these sentences clearly indicate the topic, instantly clarifying which viewpoint will be discussed, enhancing overall coherence.

Step 5: Develop Paragraphs with Logical Explanation and Examples (Ensuring Coherence)

Each paragraph should logically elaborate on the viewpoint introduced by the topic sentence. Providing explanations and examples strengthens your argument and maintains coherence.

 

Example Paragraph (City Life):

"On the one hand, city life attracts many people due to numerous career opportunities and advanced infrastructure. For instance, cities often host a variety of companies, prestigious educational institutions, and well-equipped hospitals. Thus, individuals seeking professional advancement or better services naturally gravitate towards this lifestyle."

 

Here, each sentence logically expands the previous idea, ensuring coherence.

Step 6: Effectively Use Cohesive Devices to Connect Ideas (Ensuring Cohesion)

Cohesion means seamlessly connecting ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. In discussion essays, you'll need clear, contrasting linking phrases.

 

Common cohesive phrases in discussion essays include:

  • Contrast: On the one hand, on the other hand, in contrast, conversely, however.

  • Adding information: Moreover, additionally, furthermore.

  • Giving examples: For example, for instance, such as.

  • Conclusion: Thus, therefore, hence.

 

Example Paragraph (Rural Life) demonstrating cohesion:

"On the other hand, rural living offers tranquility, clean environments, and strong community bonds. For instance, villages and countryside areas usually have less pollution and fewer crowds, creating a healthier lifestyle. Additionally, smaller communities often foster closer relationships among residents. Consequently, these advantages make rural areas appealing to those seeking a peaceful life."

 

This paragraph illustrates smooth cohesion by naturally connecting sentences using transitional phrases.

Step 7: Cohesively Transition Between Paragraphs (Ensuring Cohesion and Coherence)

Your paragraphs should also be cohesively linked, transitioning logically from one viewpoint to another.

 

A smooth transition between paragraphs looks like:

  • End of Paragraph 1 (City Life):

"...making urban areas highly attractive to many."

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  • Beginning of Paragraph 2 (Rural Life - clearly linked):

"Despite these advantages, rural living offers significant benefits as well, particularly in terms of quality of life."

 

The phrase "Despite these advantages" neatly connects two distinct ideas, maintaining both coherence (logical progression) and cohesion (smooth connection).

​Step 8: Clearly Summarize and State Your Opinion in the Conclusion (Ensuring Coherence and Cohesion)

Your conclusion must cohesively summarize both viewpoints discussed and clearly reiterate your own opinion for a coherent essay.

 

Example coherent and cohesive conclusion:

"In conclusion, although urban life offers considerable advantages in employment opportunities and infrastructure, rural areas provide invaluable benefits such as tranquility and community support. Personally, I believe the quality of life in rural environments outweighs the conveniences offered by city living."

 

Notice how the conclusion smoothly brings together both viewpoints, restates the opinion clearly, and provides a coherent finish to the essay.

Quick Coherence and Cohesion Checklist for Discussion Essays:

  • ✅ Clearly outline both viewpoints and your opinion in the introduction.

  • ✅ Organize body paragraphs logically, addressing each viewpoint separately.

  • ✅ Start paragraphs with clear topic sentences.

  • ✅ Support your arguments logically with explanations and relevant examples.

  • ✅ Use contrasting cohesive devices clearly and strategically.

  • ✅ Ensure paragraphs flow naturally into each other.

  • ✅ Conclude clearly by summarizing both views and your opinion.

 

To master these techniques and uncover more strategies, explore our IELTS Writing eBooks, packed with examiners’ secret tips, practical examples, and detailed demonstrations on writing high-scoring essays.

 

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3. Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Advantages and disadvantages essays require you to clearly present both positive and negative aspects of an issue. Sometimes, the IELTS question specifically asks if advantages outweigh disadvantages, requiring you to evaluate both sides and provide your personal judgment clearly.

 

To effectively achieve coherence and cohesion, your ideas must be logically structured, clearly presented, and smoothly connected.

 

Let's explore how to do this step-by-step, using this clear and practical example question:

 

Example Question:

"In some countries, more people are choosing to live alone nowadays. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living alone?"

Step 1: Analyze the Question Carefully (Ensuring Coherence)

Before writing, clearly understand:

  • Topic: The trend of living alone.

  • Your task: Discuss both advantages and disadvantages clearly.

 

If the question says explicitly, "Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?" clearly state your overall judgment in your introduction and conclusion for full coherence.

Step 2: Clearly Structure Your Introduction (Ensuring Coherence)

Your introduction must briefly introduce the topic and clearly indicate you will present advantages and disadvantages.

 

Example coherent introduction (General Advantages/Disadvantages Essay):

"In recent times, an increasing number of individuals in various countries choose to live independently. This decision carries both significant benefits and notable drawbacks."

 

If addressing an Outweigh Essay, your introduction clearly includes your overall evaluation:

 

Example coherent introduction (Outweigh Essay):

"In recent times, many people have opted to live alone, and while this decision carries certain drawbacks, I believe that the advantages greatly outweigh them."

Step 3: Clearly Present Advantages and Disadvantages in Separate Paragraphs (Ensuring Coherence)

Organize your essay clearly, logically separating advantages and disadvantages into distinct paragraphs:

  • Body Paragraph 1: Advantages

  • Body Paragraph 2: Disadvantages

  • (Optional) Body Paragraph 3: Evaluation of whether advantages outweigh disadvantages (for Outweigh Essays)

 

Clearly separate ideas ensure coherence, as your examiner easily understands your logical structure.

Step 4: Use Clear and Logical Topic Sentences (Ensuring Coherence)

Begin each paragraph clearly with topic sentences that indicate precisely whether advantages or disadvantages will be discussed:

  • Advantages Paragraph:

"One major advantage of living alone is the personal freedom it offers."

 

  • Disadvantages Paragraph:

"Despite these advantages, living alone can also result in significant drawbacks, particularly isolation and higher costs."

 

For Outweigh Essays, explicitly state your evaluation clearly within topic sentences:

  • Evaluation Paragraph (optional for outweigh):

"Overall, despite some notable disadvantages, the benefits of living alone clearly outweigh the drawbacks."

Step 5: Logically Develop Each Paragraph with Supporting Ideas and Examples (Ensuring Coherence)

Develop your paragraphs clearly and logically by expanding on your topic sentence through explanations, specific details, and examples.

 

Example Advantages Paragraph clearly developed:

"One major advantage of living alone is personal freedom. Individuals can manage their space according to their own preferences without compromise. For instance, someone living alone can freely decide their daily routines, choose their own décor, and establish personal rules, contributing significantly to their independence and personal growth."

Step 6: Use Cohesive Devices Clearly to Connect Your Ideas (Ensuring Cohesion)

Cohesive devices help connect sentences and paragraphs smoothly, making your essay easy to read.

Effective cohesive devices include:

  • Introducing advantages: One major advantage, another benefit, additionally, moreover.

  • Introducing disadvantages: On the other hand, despite these benefits, nevertheless, however, conversely.

  • Providing examples: For instance, for example, such as.

  • Concluding or summarizing: Thus, therefore, consequently, overall.

 

Example of cohesive disadvantage paragraph:

"Despite these advantages, living alone can lead to significant drawbacks. For example, individuals who live alone often experience isolation and loneliness, negatively impacting their mental health. Additionally, living costs can rise dramatically without shared expenses, making this option financially challenging for many."

 

Here, each sentence is smoothly connected, clearly demonstrating cohesion.

Step 7: Clearly Evaluate and Indicate Your Position (Specifically for Outweigh Essays)

If your question specifically asks "Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?" clearly express your evaluation. A separate evaluation paragraph or a clear concluding sentence enhances coherence by clarifying your viewpoint explicitly.

 

Example evaluation paragraph (Outweigh Essay):

"Overall, although living alone has certain drawbacks such as loneliness and financial burdens, the freedom, independence, and personal growth opportunities it provides significantly outweigh these disadvantages. Therefore, I believe the benefits of this lifestyle clearly surpass its negatives."

Step 8: Clearly Summarize Both Sides and Your Opinion in the Conclusion (Ensuring Coherence and Cohesion)

A coherent conclusion clearly summarizes both advantages and disadvantages discussed, restating your overall viewpoint clearly and cohesively connecting it back to your introduction.

 

Example coherent and cohesive conclusion (General):

"In conclusion, although living alone presents significant advantages such as personal freedom and independence, it also carries notable drawbacks, including isolation and higher expenses. The decision ultimately depends on individual circumstances and personal values."

 

Example coherent and cohesive conclusion (Outweigh Essay):

"In conclusion, while living alone may cause isolation and financial strain, the substantial benefits, particularly independence and personal freedom, clearly outweigh these drawbacks. Thus, living alone remains a highly beneficial choice overall."

Quick Coherence and Cohesion Checklist (Advantages/Disadvantages & Outweigh Essays):

  • ✅ Clearly introduce advantages and disadvantages in your introduction.

  • ✅ Structure your essay logically, separating advantages and disadvantages clearly.

  • ✅ Clearly indicate your viewpoint if addressing an Outweigh Essay.

  • ✅ Use clear topic sentences for each paragraph.

  • ✅ Logically develop paragraphs with explanations and relevant examples.

  • ✅ Use cohesive devices clearly and naturally.

  • ✅ Clearly summarize ideas and reinforce your viewpoint coherently in the conclusion.

 

To deepen your knowledge and master examiner secrets, strategies, and detailed examples, explore our comprehensive IELTS Writing eBooks, designed specifically to help you achieve a high band score.

 

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4. Problem and Solution Essay

Problem and solution essays are common in IELTS Task 2, where you must clearly identify the causes or aspects of a given problem and propose logical solutions. To excel in this essay type, your writing must be coherent—clearly structured and logical—and cohesive, smoothly linking sentences and ideas.

 

Let’s explore step-by-step, using your clear example, how to achieve coherence and cohesion effectively:

 

Example Question:

"Obesity is increasing rapidly in many countries. What are the causes of this problem, and what solutions can you suggest?"

Step 1: Clearly Analyze and Understand the Question (Ensuring Coherence)

Start by carefully analyzing your question:

  • Problem: Increasing obesity rates.

  • Tasks clearly stated:

    • Explain the causes clearly.

    • Suggest clear, practical solutions.

Clear understanding ensures your response is focused and coherent.

Step 2: Clearly Outline the Problem and Solutions in Your Introduction (Ensuring Coherence)

Your introduction must briefly state the problem clearly and mention that you’ll address causes and solutions:

 

Example coherent introduction:

"Obesity rates have rapidly increased in many nations, creating significant health challenges. This essay will explore the main causes, including sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits, and suggest practical solutions such as public awareness initiatives and improved access to healthy foods."

Clearly stating your direction enhances overall coherence from the start.

Step 3: Clearly Separate Causes and Solutions in Distinct Paragraphs (Ensuring Coherence)

Clearly structuring your essay is essential to coherence. A typical clear structure is:

  • Body Paragraph 1: Clearly state and explain causes.

  • Body Paragraph 2: Clearly present practical solutions.

Keeping these clearly separated ensures the logical progression of ideas, enhancing coherence.

Step 4: Use Clear Topic Sentences to Begin Each Paragraph (Ensuring Coherence)

Clear topic sentences explicitly introduce whether you're discussing causes or solutions, guiding readers logically through your essay.

 

Examples clearly stated:

  • Causes paragraph:

"One primary cause of rising obesity rates is the widespread adoption of sedentary lifestyles."

 

  • Solutions paragraph:

"To tackle this problem, governments and communities must implement proactive solutions encouraging healthier lifestyles."

 

Notice how clearly each topic sentence signals the main idea of its paragraph, maintaining coherence.

Step 5: Logically Develop Each Paragraph with Explanations and Examples (Ensuring Coherence)

Each paragraph must logically expand the main idea introduced in the topic sentence through clear explanations and relevant examples.

 

Example clearly developed paragraph (Causes):

"One primary cause of rising obesity rates is the widespread adoption of sedentary lifestyles. Many people today spend significant amounts of time sitting due to desk jobs, reliance on personal vehicles, and increased screen time. Consequently, physical activity levels decrease significantly, leading to weight gain and health complications like diabetes and heart disease."

 

Here, each sentence logically supports the previous, clearly enhancing coherence.

Step 6: Cohesively Link Ideas Using Clear Connectors (Ensuring Cohesion)

Use cohesive connectors effectively to demonstrate cause-effect relationships, making your ideas flow smoothly.

 

Common cohesive devices include:

  • Cause and effect: Due to, because of, consequently, therefore, thus, as a result.

  • Providing examples: For example, such as, for instance.

  • Adding information clearly: Moreover, additionally, furthermore.

 

Example cohesive paragraph (Solutions):

"To tackle this problem, governments and communities must implement proactive solutions encouraging healthier lifestyles. Firstly, public awareness campaigns can educate individuals about the dangers of obesity and promote regular physical activity. Additionally, improving access to affordable fitness facilities and creating walkable urban areas can motivate people to become more physically active. Furthermore, policies promoting nutritious diets, such as subsidizing fruits and vegetables, can encourage healthier eating habits."

 

Notice how cohesive devices clearly connect each idea, smoothly guiding readers through your solutions.

Step 7: Ensure Smooth Transitions Between Paragraphs (Ensuring Cohesion and Coherence)

Transition sentences clearly connecting paragraphs enhance overall coherence and cohesion.

Example transition clearly connecting Causes and Solutions paragraphs:

 

End of Causes Paragraph:

"...leading to weight gain and increased health risks."

 

Start of Solutions Paragraph (clearly linked):

"In response to these challenges, several practical solutions can effectively reduce obesity rates."

 

The phrase "In response to these challenges" clearly links both sections cohesively, ensuring smooth transitions.

Step 8: Clearly Summarize Causes and Solutions in Your Conclusion (Ensuring Coherence and Cohesion)

Clearly summarize both the causes and solutions to reinforce coherence. Your conclusion should cohesively wrap up your discussion clearly.

 

Example coherent and cohesive conclusion:

"In conclusion, obesity is primarily caused by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary choices. However, proactive measures such as public awareness initiatives, improved infrastructure for physical activity, and accessible healthy eating options can significantly address and mitigate this growing problem."

 

This conclusion clearly and cohesively summarizes key points discussed, reinforcing overall coherence.

Quick Checklist for Coherence and Cohesion in Problem/Solution Essays:

  • ✅ Clearly state the problem, causes, and solutions in your introduction.

  • ✅ Clearly separate and structure your paragraphs logically (causes and solutions separately).

  • ✅ Use clear and specific topic sentences for each paragraph.

  • ✅ Logically expand your main ideas with clear explanations and relevant examples.

  • ✅ Use cohesive connectors effectively to smoothly link ideas and cause-effect relationships.

  • ✅ Clearly transition between paragraphs to maintain smooth coherence.

  • ✅ Clearly summarize the main ideas cohesively in your conclusion.

 

If you're aiming for even higher IELTS Writing scores, explore our detailed and practical IELTS Writing eBooks, revealing examiners' secret strategies, essential tips, and step-by-step demonstrations on crafting outstanding essays.

 

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5. Double-Question (Two-Part Question) Essay

In IELTS Writing Task 2, you might encounter an essay type known as the double-question or two-part question essay. These questions clearly require you to answer two distinct questions about the same topic. To excel in this essay type, you must explicitly answer each question clearly, logically structure your essay, and cohesively link ideas together.

 

Below, let’s explore step-by-step how you can effectively achieve coherence and cohesion, illustrated clearly with this example question:

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Example Question:

"Nowadays, many young people prefer online interactions over face-to-face communication. Why is this happening, and do you think this is a positive or negative development?"

Step 1: Clearly Analyze and Understand the Two Questions (Ensuring Coherence)

First, clearly identify both questions clearly:

  • Question 1: Why do many young people prefer online communication?

  • Question 2: Is this trend positive or negative?

Identifying these clearly will ensure coherence and keep your response focused.

Step 2: Clearly State Your Response to Both Questions in the Introduction (Ensuring Coherence)

To achieve coherence, clearly introduce both questions and your general stance or answers briefly in your introduction.

 

Example coherent introduction clearly addressing both questions:

"Today, an increasing number of young people prefer online communication to face-to-face interactions. This essay will explore the primary reasons behind this trend, including convenience and accessibility, and argue that, overall, it represents a negative development."

 

This clearly prepares readers (and examiners) for the logical structure of your essay, maintaining coherence right from the start.

Step 3: Clearly Structure Your Essay into Distinct Sections (Ensuring Coherence)

For clear coherence, logically structure your essay into clearly separate paragraphs, each addressing one question explicitly:

  • Body Paragraph 1: Answer the first question clearly (reasons for preferring online communication).

  • Body Paragraph 2: Answer the second question clearly (your opinion—positive or negative).

This logical separation clearly guides readers through your essay, significantly enhancing coherence.

Step 4: Use Explicit and Clear Topic Sentences (Ensuring Coherence)

Begin each paragraph clearly with a topic sentence explicitly indicating which question you’re answering, ensuring coherence is maintained.

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Examples of clear topic sentences clearly addressing each question:

  • Body Paragraph 1 (Reasons clearly introduced):

"One reason many young people prefer online communication is its remarkable convenience."

 

  • Body Paragraph 2 (Opinion clearly introduced):

"In my view, despite its advantages, this shift towards online communication is predominantly negative."

 

These clearly indicate exactly what each paragraph will discuss, maintaining strong coherence.

Step 5: Logically Develop Each Paragraph Clearly (Ensuring Coherence)

Each paragraph must clearly and logically develop its main idea with explanations, evidence, and examples.

 

Example clearly developed paragraph (Reasons clearly explained):

"One reason many young people prefer online communication is its remarkable convenience. Social media platforms, instant messaging apps, and video calls allow users to instantly communicate with anyone worldwide, regardless of their physical location. Moreover, such interactions require minimal effort compared to arranging face-to-face meetings, further enhancing their attractiveness among young people."

 

Notice how each sentence clearly supports the previous one, logically ensuring coherence.

Step 6: Clearly Use Cohesive Devices to Link Your Ideas (Ensuring Cohesion)

Cohesion means smoothly linking sentences and ideas clearly using transitional phrases and connectors.

 

Effective cohesive devices for two-part essays include:

  • Clearly introducing points: One reason, firstly, secondly, another point.

  • Clearly expressing your opinion: In my view, personally, I believe, from my perspective.

  • Clearly contrasting ideas: However, nevertheless, despite this, although.

  • Clearly concluding clearly: Overall, therefore, consequently.

 

Example clearly cohesive paragraph (Your View clearly expressed):

"In my view, despite its advantages, this shift towards online communication is predominantly negative. Firstly, over-reliance on virtual interactions may lead to reduced social skills, making face-to-face interactions challenging for young people. Additionally, excessive time spent online can result in isolation, negatively impacting mental health. Therefore, I believe that the disadvantages clearly outweigh the benefits."

 

Each idea here is cohesively connected clearly, smoothly guiding readers from one point to another.

Step 7: Ensure Smooth Transitions Between Your Paragraphs (Ensuring Cohesion and Coherence)

Use clear transitional phrases to ensure smooth movement from answering the first question to clearly addressing the second question, ensuring cohesive coherence.

Example clear transitional phrase linking paragraphs:

 

  • End of Paragraph 1 clearly:

"These conveniences clearly explain why online communication is becoming more popular among young people."

 

  • Start of Paragraph 2 clearly linked:

"However, despite these reasons, I strongly believe this trend is predominantly negative."

Here, "However" clearly signals a smooth transition between clearly answering the first question and clearly moving to your opinion.

Step 8: Clearly Summarize Both Answers in Your Conclusion (Ensuring Coherence and Cohesion)

Clearly summarize your responses to both questions cohesively in your conclusion, clearly reinforcing coherence.

 

Example coherent and cohesive conclusion clearly:

"In conclusion, while convenience and accessibility clearly explain why young people prefer online interactions, this trend, in my opinion, predominantly carries negative consequences, notably affecting social skills and mental health."

Quick Coherence and Cohesion Checklist for Double-Question Essays:

  • ✅ Clearly introduce and answer both questions in your introduction.

  • ✅ Clearly separate each question into distinct paragraphs.

  • ✅ Use clear topic sentences explicitly addressing each question.

  • ✅ Logically develop each paragraph with clear explanations and examples.

  • ✅ Use cohesive transitional phrases clearly to link ideas and paragraphs.

  • ✅ Clearly summarize your answers cohesively in the conclusion.

Final Thoughts

Mastering coherence and cohesion is your golden ticket to an impressive band score in IELTS Task 2 Writing. Remember, examiners are actively looking for essays that are clear, logical, and smoothly connected. By applying the practical strategies and clear examples we've discussed throughout this article, you're now perfectly positioned to impress any examiner.

 

But remember—true mastery comes with consistent practice. Keep refining your writing skills, review these strategies frequently, and soon you'll be crafting essays effortlessly with outstanding coherence and cohesion.

 

Your dream IELTS score isn't just possible—it's well within your reach! Keep practicing, stay focused, and confidently step into your IELTS Writing exam ready to achieve the success you deserve.

 

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